At least 220 specimens also fall into the category of decorated domus de janas. There are 8 planimetric types as said before, types 6 to 8 are influenced by megalithism. Class II, entrance on the ground or raised level, with or without dromos or pavilion, horizontal development. Class I, calatoia entrance, with vertical projection development The type described here is divided into a hierarchical scheme organized according to Class, Type, Subtype, Variety.īased on the type of entrance and the excavation route, two Classes are identified: The complexity of the ichonographies does not follow a predetermined design but it is the result of renovations and additions over the long period of time when the hypogea were used, for example in Tomb I of the necropolis of Su Crucifissu Mannu in Porto Torres. The plans of the hypogea sometimes develop in a complex way, gradually enriching, up to 20 rooms, as in the Domus II or Tomba Maggiore of S’Adde Asile-Ossi. The use of the domus de janas continued for a long time. In this regard, we mention, for example, two tombs used from the fifth or fourth to the second millennium B.C.: the tomb IV of Molia-Illorai and the domus I of Santu Pedru-Alghero. The domus de janas were used for millennia, as evidence of their identity and “political” value, also linked to the function of a sign of possession and territorial brand of the social group that excavated and used them. I, Sub-flat II, Outcrop III, Light slope IV, Steep slope V, Hill VI, ridge VII Spuntone VIII, Isolated Boulder.ĭomus de janas date back to the fifth millennium B.C., but the tomb type continued to be excavated even in the Copper Age, sometimes incorporating the influences of megalithism and, in particular, of the tombs called allèes couvertes. The location follows some long-recognized morphological models, embedded in different geo-pedological contexts the definition of the eight funeral types is as follows: We know at least 3,500 of them, which document the richest and most complex funerary aspect that characterizes the entire chronological context explored in this work.īeing scattered across most of the region, they are an expression of Sardinian identity in its landscape. They are the most exceptional evidence of the phenomenon of hypogea in Sardinia. The domus de janas are also one of the most significant elements of the identity of the island, known for centuries in the first literary sources in the Sardinian language with the typical name meaning “House of the Fairies”. In the hypogeal necropolises, in particular, the effort of the sedentary communities is shown, explained by deep religious convictions linked to the fertility of the life-giving land, which used specialized workers to build the dwellings designed to secure life after death for the dead. The domus de janas, which characterize a large part of the landscape of Sardinia and which characterize all the cultures that followed one another from the 5th to the 3rd millennium B.C., are the expression of an opulent society, which draws wealth from a productive economy based on agriculture and breeding, from the exchange of obsidian and flint and, from the final stages of the Neolithic, also from the exploitation and the processing of copper and silver.
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